Phlebitis & Thrombosis
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Phlebitis, also known as Superficial Thrombophlebitis (ST), is inflammation in a vein. Thrombosis is when a blood clot forms. When both of these occur together, it is called thrombophlebitis.
Signs & Symptoms
- Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) occurs just under the skin’s surface. The affected area is swollen and feels warm and tender. At times, a hard cordlike vein is felt. This type seldom showers clots into the bloodstream.
- Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs next to a muscle mass (commonly the leg). It is apt to release showers of clots (emboli) that often go to the lung (pulmonary emboli). The symptoms may resemble those of ST. The limb may swell and/or the muscle involved may ache. Often, DVT symptoms are silent and can’t be seen. In silent DVT, the first symptoms may be from a blood clot to the lung. These include sudden shortness of breath and severe problems breathing; sudden chest pain; and/or collapse.
Causes, Risk Factors & Care
Phlebitis is usually caused by infection, injury, poor blood flow in a vein, or a blood clot. It is common in women over age 50.
Conditions that can lead to ST and/or DVT include:
- Inactivity from prolonged bed rest (e.g., after major surgery), a sedentary job, or a long trip, especially in a cramped space, such as sitting in a plane.
- Varicose veins
- Being older, overweight, or not fit physically
- High estrogen states, such as pregnancy, or taking birth control pills or estrogen supplements
- Trauma to an arm or leg. Examples are a fall or injury to the vein, such as from injections or IV needles.
- Heart failure or a heart attack
- Some cancers
A doctor needs to diagnose ST with or without DVT or DVT alone. Treatment for ST alone includes resting the affected limb, warm compresses, and pain relievers.
Treatment for DVT includes blood thinning medicine, possible hospitalization, and surgery in rare cases if a blood clot to the lung has occurred.
Prevention
- Avoid sitting or standing for long periods without moving around.
- Inform your doctor if you have a history of varicose veins, superficial phlebitis (SP), or deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and take estrogen.
- Don’t sit with your legs crossed. Don’t wear tight garments below the waist, such as thigh-high hosiery.