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Women's Health
Women's Health Issues
Menstrual Bleeding Problems
June 3, 2024

Menstrual bleeding usually lasts from 2 to 7 days. It occurs about every 28 days.
Signs & Symptoms
- Spotting of blood between periods
- Menstrual periods that occur more often than every 21 days or less often than every 35 days
- Periods last longer than 7 days
- Two or more times the average amount of blood is lost during a period.
- A tampon or a sanitary pad is soaked through every hour for 6 hours in a row.
Treatment
- Iron supplements to treat anemia, if present.
- Medicines. Examples are birth control pills; GnRH agonists; Danazol (low dose); and a medicine called tranexamic acid.
- Surgery, as needed, for the cause of the problem.
Causes
- It is normal for changes to occur at certain times. This includes: When monthly periods begin; during peri-menopause; and when some birth control methods are started, stopped, and changed.
- Light bleeding can occur for 2 to 3 days when you ovulate. This is usually normal, too.
- Starting or stopping estrogen therapy. Using an IUD for birth control.
- Weight gain or loss. Too much exercise. Anorexia nervosa.
- Vaginal irritation or infection.
- Endometriosis. Fibroids. Ovarian cysts.
- Ectopic pregnancy. Miscarriage.
- Cancer of the cervix or uterus.
- Hypothyroidism. Pituitary and adrenal gland disorders.
- Side effects of blood-thinners or corticosteroids.
- Bleeding or clotting disorders. One example is Von Willebrand disease. This is a genetic bleeding disorder. Often, it is not diagnosed. Bleeding is excessive with menstrual periods and after surgery, dental work, etc. Nosebleeds occur often. Bruises occur easily.
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This is caused by an excess of a certain hormone. It can result in irregular periods or no periods.
Self-Care
- Keep track of how many days and how much you bleed to know what is normal for you.
- Change tampons and sanitary napkins as needed. Note if they are soaked through.
- Get plenty of rest.
- Take ibuprofen or naproxen sodium as directed. Don’t use aspirin. It can prolong bleeding. Take iron, as advised by your doctor.